L’Agenzia delle Entrate ha fornito i primi chiarimenti
sull’applicabilità della recente normativa (art. 13-ter DL 83/2012 conv. in L.
134/2012) che disciplina la responsabilità solidale di appaltatore e
subappaltatore per il versamento all’Erario delle ritenute fiscali sui redditi
di lavoro dipendente e dell’IVA dovuta dal subappaltatore in relazione alle
prestazioni effettuate nell’ambito del rapporto, nei limiti dell’ammontare del
corrispettivo dovuto.
Ambito di applicazione
La disposizione si applica - partire dal 12 agosto 2012 - ai
contratti di appalto e subappalto intesi nella loro generalità, a prescindere
dal settore economico in cui operano le parti contraenti, sia nell’ipotesi in
cui vi sia un contratto di subappalto (che presuppone la coesistenza di almeno
tre soggetti economici distinti - committente, appaltatore e subappaltatore),
sia nell’ipotesi in cui l’appaltatore provveda direttamente alla realizzazione
dell’opera affidatagli dal committente.
Precisazioni 1) Sono escluse dal campo
di applicazione le tipologie contrattuali diverse dal contratto di
appalto di opere e servizi, quali, ad esempio, gli appalti di fornitura
dei beni, il contratto d’opera (art. 2222 c.c.), di trasporto (artt. 1678 e s.
c.c.) o di subfornitura (L. 192/98) e le prestazioni rese nell’ambito del
rapporto consortile.
2) L'eventuale rinnovo del contratto deve
ritenersi equivalente ad una nuova stipula e pertanto la disciplina in esame è
applicabile - a partire dalla data di rinnovo - anche ai contratti rinnovati
dopo il 12 agosto 2012.
Attestazione della regolarità fiscale: casi particolari
In caso di più contratti intercorrenti tra le
medesime parti, la certificazione attestante la regolarità dei versamenti
delle ritenute sui redditi di lavoro dipendente e dell’IVA relativi al contratto
d’appalto, può essere:
- rilasciata in modo unitario;
- fornita anche con cadenza periodica, fermo restando che al
momento del pagamento deve essere attestata la regolarità di tutti i versamenti
relativi alle ritenute e all’IVA scaduti a tale data, che non siano stati
oggetto di precedente attestazione.
Con riferimento alle ipotesi in cui l’appaltatore o il subappaltatore
cedano il proprio credito a terzi, possono trovare applicazione le
indicazioni fornite con riferimento alle ipotesi di cessione del credito
nell’ambito della disciplina sui pagamenti delle PA, in forza delle quali le
PA, prima di effettuare a qualunque titolo il pagamento di importi superiori a
€ 10.000, verificano la regolarità fiscale del beneficiario e, in caso di irregolarità,
possono sospendere il relativo pagamento (art. 48-bis DPR 602/73).
Precisazioni 1) Con riferimento ai pagamenti
effettuati mediante bonifico bancario (o altri strumenti che non
consentono al beneficiario l’immediata disponibilità della somma versata),
occorre attestare la regolarità dei versamenti fiscali scaduti al momento in
cui il committente o l’appaltatore effettuano la disposizione bancaria e non
anche di quelli scaduti al momento del successivo accreditamento delle somme al
beneficiario.
2) La regolarità fiscale relativa ai rapporti
riferibili al credito oggetto di cessione può essere attestata
nel momento in cui il cedente (appaltatore o subappaltore) dà notizia della
cessione al debitore ceduto (committente o appaltatore).
Circ. AE 1°marzo 2013 n. 2
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